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Class Plan -- Unit Three, Day 24
Goals

Assignment for Day 25
Reading - Read annotated bibliographies of group members to see if you can find additional sources that might help your own argument; Read over Arguing Essay Assignment Sheet and write down any questions you have for next class.

Writing - Write three possible claims for your own argument. Choose the best of these, then begin "unpacking" it to seee what key words and phrases an argument based on that claim would need to address [YOU MIGHT ALSO ASK STUDENTS TO DECIDE WHAT TYPE OF CLAIM THEY ARE USING, REFERRING BACK TO PHG, 412-16]; Refer to PHG 452 ("Developing Arguments") and come up with three "because statements" (reasons) to support the claim you think is your best so far; finally, shape all of this into an argumentative brief (See assignment sheet for example), to be turned in next class.Web Forum On the forum, post a message in which you request help with any "gaps" you are currently finding in your research and/or argument. Ask for any advice your classmates can offer in terms of resources for research or suggestions for the argument itself. Activities:

Exchange Annotated Bibliographies in Groups. Ask students to sit in their research groups as they are copying down their homework assignment. They should get out the extra copies of their annotated bibliographies which they brought to class today, and distribute them to their group members. [They should bring them to class next time if they forgot.] They can use each other's bibliographies as a resource for additional helpful sources for their own arguments. [Explain that this type of collaborative research is o.k.--even encouraged--in CO150, even though that might not be the case in other classes.] AS THEY ARE DOING THIS, HAND OUT THE ARGUING ESSAY ASSIGNMENT SHEET AND ASK STUDENTS TO LOOK IT OVER FOR NEXT TIME.

Give Assignment Sheet: Argumentative Brief. Hand out the assignment sheet for the Argumentative Brief (See Appendix) due Thursday. Tell students that after they have decided on a narrow, workable, debatable claim, they will be expected to come up with reasons/arguments to support this claim. The brief asks them to articulate the reasons that will support their claim, and to start assembling the evidence from their sources that they will need to (in turn) support these reasons. [Spend about 15 minutes going over this assignment sheet, including examples.]

Unpacking a claim Before you move on to discuss appeals, spend a few minutes modeling one of the things you are asking students to do in their homework: "unpacking" a claim. Have another student volunteer his or her tentative claim from the Proposal Cover Sheet, write it word for word on the board, then ask the class what words or ideas are going to require clarification, definition, or support. Tell students that they are going to have to analyze their own claims in this way, and to decide what needs further development. The next step in their argument will be, of course, to support their claim with reasons.

Activity: Formulating Appropriate, Convincing Reasons [THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITY IS DESIGNED TO TEACH STUDENTS THAT WHEN THEY COME UP WITH REASONS TO SUPPORT THEIR CLAIM, THEY NEED TO CHOOSE ONES THAT ARE NOT ONLY SEEM CONVINCING TO THEMSELVES, BUT THAT ARE ALSO LIKELY TO BE CONVINCING TO THEIR AUDIENCE. IN OTHER WORDS, IT REINFORCES THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDIENCE AWARENESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN ARGUMENT.] Explain to your students that today they are going to practice coming up with appropriate, convincing reasons. Then write a claim like the following on the board: "Meat eaters of the world, stop eating meat!" Ask students to come up with as many reasons as they can to support this claim [You might have to remind some of them that this is all for the sake of the activity, and that they don't have to SUPPORT the claim personally], then write this list on one far end of the board. Secondly, have your students come up with a list of possible audiences that could be addressed with the claim. (Who needs to hear this claim? Who disagrees with it or is neutral on the issue and needs to be convinced?) Write this second list on the other far end of the board. Then break students up into groups, as many groups as you have audiences on the board. [You probably don't want more than 6 groups, so you might eliminate some of your possible audiences if there are too many of them listed, only choosing those that seem most realistic.] Then assign each group to role play a different audience, give each group an OH transparency and pen, and put the following instructions up on the OH:

  1. At the top of your overhead transparency, write the word UNCONVINCING, and list all of the reasons on the board which would not even begin to convince you that eating meat is a bad thing. (Remember that you are supposed to role play the audience you've been assigned.)
  2. Next, list the reasons on the board that might possibly work to convince you under the word CONVINCING. Add to this list any other reasons you can think of (ones that are not on the board) that would be particularly effective in convincing you of the evils of flesh consumption.
  3. Finally, re-write the claim itself--"Meat eaters of the world, stop eating meat!"--if it is not likely to convince you. Turn it into a claim that you think you could be convinced of.

SEE APPENDIX FOR A COUPLE OF SAMPLE STUDENT OH TRANSPARENCIES FROM PREVIOUS SEMESTERS--FOR YOUR OWN IDEA OF WHAT AN OH LIKE THIS MIGHT LOOK LIKE.

Group Reports and Discussion. Have each group put its OH transparency on the projector in turn, explaining which reasons they found convincing (and why), which unconvincing (and why), and what (if any) new claim they wrote. End this discussion by reiterating for the students the importance of considering their intended audience when coming up with reasons and revising their claim. Just as "not every source is a good source" (as we discussed in the class on source evaluation), not every reason we think of as convincing will be equally convincing to our audience. After all, they're on the other side of this issue. Students need to try to anticipate what will convince their audience when they are coming up with reasons.

COLLECT ARGUING PROPOSAL PACKETS.