Consider the Evidence

The evidence in a source – the information, opinions, and ideas – can tell you a great deal about its reliability and usefulness for your research project. As you evaluate a source, consider whether evidence is carefully put together, complete, and up to date. Consider the thesis, if any, and whether it is supported by credible evidence. Ask whether the argument or analysis seems convincing. If the source seems slipshod or leaves you with several important questions unanswered, you might do better to look for another source.

To evaluate the evidence in a source, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the author’s main point?
How much and what kind of evidence supports the main point?
How persuasive is the evidence?
Can you offer counterarguments or refutations of the evidence?
Can you detect any questionable logic or fallacious reasoning?

A Note on Considering Evidence in Field Sources: If you are working with a field source, ask yourself similar questions about the evidence that is provided and the credibility of the source. If you are interviewing someone or attending a public lecture, are consistent responses provided to questions? Does the interviewee or speaker provide evidence to support or corroborate claims? If you are analyzing responses to a questionnaire, does it appear that respondents have answered your questions consistently, seriously, and honestly? If you are observing a particular event or setting, try to determine whether people are aware that they are being observed. Often, knowing that they are being observed can change people's behavior.