CMS - Chicago Manual of Style (Author System)
Citing Sources within Your Document
CMS In-Text Formatting Rules
CMS Author/Date in-text formatting rules are as follows:
- A space, not a comma, should separate the author's name and the year of publication.
- Page numbers are included only when part of a source or a direct quotation is cited. Abbreviations ("p." or "pp.") are not required.
- Footnotes and endnotes are used only when there is a need to provide further information about a particular idea or when specific copyright permission needs to be documented.
Specific rules depend on whether part or all of a source is being cited as well as whether or not the author's name is mentioned in the sentence where the citation occurs.
For more on the specific rules, please see the following examples: