APA - American Psychological Association

Select an example to view from the following menu:

1. Unknown or Anonymous Authors 2. Sole Author of One Work & First Co-Author of Another 3. Multiple Works by the Same Author(s) 4. Multiple Works with Same First Author and Different Co-Authors 5. Multiple Works with Same Author(s) and Years of Publication

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1. Unknown or Anonymous Authors

Note: Organize alphabetically. When a work is signed "Anonymous", include it in the lead spot where an author's name would normally appear. When a work is of unknown origin, use the first word of its title, excluding definite or indefinite articles which may be transposed to the end of the title. Legal works should be treated in this manner as well.

Example:

Abelson, R., & Friquegnon, M. (1982). Ethics for modern life. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Anonymous, (1929). A passing race. Canadian Magazine, 71, 34.

- or -

Passing Race, A, (1929). A passing race. Canadian Magazine, 71, 34.

Wells v. Seeger, 359 F. Supp. 1608 (1992).

Yeats, W. B., (1977). The collected poems of W. B. Yeats. New York: Macmillan, 125.

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2. Sole Author of One Work & First Co-Author of Another

Note: Individually authored works always precede co-authored works.

Example:

Shor, I., (1986). Culture wars: School and society in the conservative restoration, 1969-1982. Boston: Routledge and K. Paul, 55.

Shor, I. & Paul Friere, (1987). A pedagogy of liberation: Dialogues on transforming education. New York: Bergin and Garvey, 112-115.

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3. Multiple Works by the Same Author(s)

Note: Multiple works are listed according to earliest date of publication. All things being equal, this rule holds as well for multiple works authored by an identical line-up of co-authors.

Example:

Peterkin, J., (1927). Black april. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 48.

Peterkin, J., (1928). Scarlet sister Mary. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 92.

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4. Multiple Works with Same First Author and Different Co-Authors

Note: Multiple works by the same first author, followed by a line-up of different multiple co-authors, are listed alphabetically by the second author, rather than by date of publication. (If the first two authors are the same, move to the third name, etc.)

Example:

Smith, M., Brown, N., & Black, L. (1993). Fake title one.
New York: Macmillan, 57.

Smith, M., White, Q., & Toggle, V. (1989). Fake title two. Boston: Bedford, 32-36.

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5. Multiple Works with Same Author(s) and Years of Publication

Note: Multiple works with identical author(s) and year of publication are alphabetized by the first significant word in the title. Lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) are then assigned to the year of publication.

Example:

Smith, S., Wesson, P., & Winchester, T. (1988a). First fake title. New York: Macmillan, 324.

Smith, S., Wesson, P., & Winchester, T. (1988b). Second fake title. New York: Macmillan, 76.

Smith, S., Wesson, P., & Winchester, T. (1988c). Third fake title. New York: Macmillan, 101-103.

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