Media Sources

In papers, we often find ourselves citing sources that aren't written documents. Some common non-print sources are:

Select an example to view from the following menu:


1. Film

Format:
Last Name, Initial of Director, and Producer if available (Function). (Date of film release). Title of the film [Motion Picture]. Country or place of origin: Studio or Distributor.

Example:

Cholodenko, L. (Producer). (1998). High art. [Motion Picture]. United States: October Films.

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    • 2. Television Broadcast

    Note: See APA's Publication Manual for formats of a Television Series or a Single Episode from a Television Series.

    Format:
    Last Name, Initials of Producer (Function). (Year, Month and Day of Broadcast). Title [Television Broadcast]. Place of Recording: Television Service or Network.

    Example:

    Aspell, P. (Executive Producer). (1995, March 15). Nova [Television Broadcast]. Boston: WGBH.

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    • 3. Music Recording

    Format:
    Last Name, Initials of Writer. (Date of Copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. On Title of CD [Medium of recording: compact disk, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date).

    Example:

    Griffith, N. (1991). The power lines. On Late night grande hotel [CD]. Universal City, CA: MCA Records.

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    • 4. Poster Session

    Format:
    Last Name, Initials of Presenter, & followed by last names and initials of other presenters if any. (Year, Month of Presentation). Title. Poster session presented at organization, place of presentation.

    Example:

    Goff, B.F., & Goodrich, D.C. (1998, June). Integrated observations of semi-arid land-surface-atmosphere interactions. Poster session presented at a special symposium of the American Meteorological Society, San Diego, CA.

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