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Form and Technique in Nonfiction

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  • Exposition (provides information)-facts and interpretation; intellectual appeal.
    • Use of source material and authority.
    • Use of definition; illustrations and examples; comparison and contrast; cause and effect.
    • Use of generalization and subsequent conclusions.
  • Persuasion (forwards an idea or plan)-a stance on an issue; proposed solution; call to action.
    • Tone; authority; approach to subject and audience.
    • Degree of convincingness.
    • Worth of proposal; practicality; need.
    • Comparison with other possible policies.
    • Costs or difficulties involved.
    • Ultimate promise, solution, or plan
  • Argumentation (presents points and draws conclusions)-appeal to reason and logic.
    • Tone; authority; approach to subject and audience.
    • Methods of deduction or induction.
    • Synthesis; formation of separate elements into a coherent whole.
    • Syllogism; major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.
    • Dialectics; arrival at truth through conversation involving question and answer.
    • Casuistry; determination of right and wrong by applying generalized ethics principles.
    • Fallacy; begging the question, ignoring the question, etc.

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